CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS DO MILHO EM FUNÇÃO DA CULTURA ANTECESSORA EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n2p272-280Keywords:
Zea mays, culturas de cobertura do soloAbstract
RESUMO – As culturas de cobertura de inverno podem melhorar os atributos do solo, favorecendo o crescimento do milho e contribuindo para o aumento da produtividade dos grãos. Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas do milho em função da cultura antecessora em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi implantado num latossolo vermelho distroférrico, na safra 2013/2014, no município de Dourados, em Mato Grosso do Sul. O delineamento expe-rimental foi em blocos casualisados, com 12 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram nas culturas antecessoras ao milho: braquiária (Brachiaria ruziziensis), girassol (Helianthus annuus), canola (Brassica napus), trigo (Triticum aestivum), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus), cártamo (Carthamus tinctorious), crotalária (Crotalária spectabilis), crambe (Crambe abyssinica), níger (Guizothia abyssinica), aveia branca (Avena sativa), ervilhaca peluda (Vicia sativa) e pousio. As culturas antecessoras influenciaram a altura de plantas, a altura da inserção da espiga, o diâmetro do colmo, o diâmetro da espiga, o número de grãos por espiga, a massa de 1.000 grãos e a produtividade de grãos. As maiores massas de 1.000 grãos e produtividades foram obtidas quando o cultivo ocorreu após nabo forrageiro, cártamo, crotalária, crambe, níger, aveia e ervilhaca.
Palavras-chave: Zea mays, culturas de cobertura do solo, rotação de culturas.
AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE IN FUNCTION OF PRECURSOR CROPS IN THE NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM
ABSTRACT – The present research was conducted in Dourados/Mato Grosso do Sul State (Brazil) objectifying to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of maize in function of the precursor crop in no-tillage system. The experimental design was a completely randomized blocks with twelve treatments and four replications. The treatments were the precursor crops to maize, Brachiaria ruziziensis, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), oilseed rape (Brassica napus), wheat (Triticum aestivum), radish (Raphanus sativus), safflower (Carthamus tinctorious), showy rattlebox (Crotalária spectabilis), crambe (Crambe abyssinica), niger (Guizothia abyssinica), oats (Avena sativa), common vetch (Vicia sativa), plus a control (without cover crop). Precursor crops showed significant effect on plant height, ear height; stem diameter, cob diameter, number of kernels per cob, weight of thousand kernels and grain yield of maize. The highest weight of thousand kernels and grain yield were obtained when radish, crambe, niger, showy crotalaria, safflower, oats and common vetch were the precursor crops.
Key words: Zea mays, crop rotations, cover crops.
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