PERÍODO DE UTILIZAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL DE CULTIVARES DE SORGO SACARINO VISANDO A PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v16n2p217-231Keywords:
Sorghum bicolorAbstract
RESUMO - Uma característica importante do sorgo sacarino é o Período de Utilização Industrial (PUI), necessário para o planejamento da colheita e o processamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estabelecer o PUI de cinco cultivares comerciais de sorgo sacarino visando a produção de etanol na região Central de Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições, num esquema em parcelas subdivididas. Características avaliadas: florescimento, produção de massa verde (PMV), sólidos solúveis totais (SST), açucares redutores totais (ART), teor de sacarose aparente (POL), açucares totais recuperáveis (ATR), produtividade de etanol por tonelada (PROTE) e PUI. Foram verificadas diferenças entre as duas safras agrícolas, cultivares e épocas de colheita para todos os caracteres agronômicos e industriais do sorgo sacarino. A interação safras x épocas de colheita foi significativa para todos os caracteres. Já a interação cultivares x épocas de colheita mostrou-se significativa (P≤0,01) para quase todos os caracteres, exceto PMV. Houve interação safras x cultivares x épocas de colheita significativa para SST, ART, POL, ATR, e PROTE. No primeiro ano de semeadura, as variedades BRS 511, BRS 508 e BRS 509 apresentaram melhor desempenho agroindustrial visando a produção de etanol quando comparadas com os híbridos XBSW80147 e Sugargraze. As cultivares BRS 511, BRS 508 e BRS 509 apresentaram-se dentro dos limites mínimos de qualidade e produtividade estabelecidos na safra 2011/2012. Já na safra 2012/2013 apenas o BRS 508 apresentou-se dentro de todos os padrões estipulados em razão da ocorrência de acamamento. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, destacaram-se as variedades BRS 508, BRS509 e BRS511, considerando os caracteres agroindustriais e PUI para a produção de etanol. O melhor período de colheita considerando as características agroindustriais foi dos 100 aos 130 dias após o semeio, apresentando pico aos 113. As cultivares avaliadas apresentaram períodos de utilização industrial diferentes, com as variedades apresentando PUI superior a 30 dias e os híbridos com PUI inferiores a 20 dias.
Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, biocombustíveis, agroindústria.
PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL USE OF SWEET SORGHUM VARIETIES AIMING ETHANOL PRODUCTION
ABSTRACT - An important parameter of sweet sorghum is the Period of Industrial Utilization (PIU), necessary for industrial management to provide high quality feedstock 24 hours per day during the period of industrial processing. The objective of this study was to establish maturity curves and PIU for five commercial cultivars of sweet sorghum for ethanol production in the Central region of Minas Gerais. A randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot (seven-day harvest intervals) scheme was used during two seasons to determine the following parameters: days to flower, production of fresh biomass (PFB), total soluble solids in the juice (TSS), total sugars (TS), apparent sucrose content (ASC), total recoverable sugars (TRS), ethanol productivity per ton (EPT) and PIU. Differences were found between the two agricultural seasons, cultivars and harvest periods for all the agronomic and industrial traits of sweet sorghum. The yield x harvest period interaction was significant for all parameters evaluated. The interaction cultivar x harvest period was highly significant for all parameters except PFB. There was significant year x cultivars interaction for harvest period for SST, TS, ASC, TRS and EPT. The varieties BRS 511, BRS 508 and BRS 509 showed better agro-industrial performance for producing ethanol compared to sweet sorghum hybrids XBSW80147 and Sugargraze. The varieties BRS 511, BRS 508 and BRS 509 were within the PIU thresholds for quality and productivity in the 2011/2012 season. However, only BRS 508 was within the quality threshold for the 2012/2013 harvest, due to the occurrence of lodging. Based on these results, the varieties BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 can be considered for ethanol production. The best harvesting period considering the agro-industrial characteristics was between 100 and 130 days after planting, with peaking at 113 days. The cultivars showed different periods of industrial use, with the varieties presenting PIU values of more than 30 days and the hybrids with PUI values less than 20 days.
Keywords: Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, biofuels, agribusiness.
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