SELETIVIDADE DE MISTURAS DE HERBICIDAS E INSETICIDAS EM TANQUE APLICADAS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n2p287-302Keywords:
Zea mays.Abstract
RESUMO - A associação de herbicidas e inseticidas é uma prática comum entre os agricultores, entretanto, muitas vezes pode provocar injúrias à cultura do milho. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas em mistura em tanque com inseticidas de diferentes grupos químicos, no crescimento inicial de hibridos de milho. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos separadamente em estufa plástica com dois híbridos de milho (30F35 e 2B-710), utilizando como unidades experimentais vasos com duas plantas nos estádios fenológicos V3 e V6. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados 31 tratamentos, representados pela aplicação de seis herbicidas (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone e 2,4-D, nas doses de 2000; 37,5; 36+2,4; 144; 10 e 1000 g ha-1, respectivamente) isolados e em mistura com quatro inseticidas (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl e novarulon, nas doses de 26,9; 64,5; 240 e 15 g ha-1, respectivamente) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Avaliou-se a intoxicação das plantas aos 7 e 14 dias após a aplicação (DAA), o teor de clorofila das folhas, número médio de folhas por planta, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes aos 14 DAA. Os resultados foram variáveis em função do híbrido e estádio fenológico na aplicação, sendo as misturas menos prejudiciais ao milho quando aplicadas em V3. Os tratamentos com atrazine foram os que menos afetaram o crescimento inicial dos híbridos. As misturas nicosulfuron + chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione + chlorpyrifos ethyl e 2,4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl foram as que mais prejudicaram o híbrido 30F35. Por outro lado, a mistura carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl foi a que mais afetou o crescimento inicial do híbrido 2B-710.
Palavras-chave: fitointoxicação, antagonismo, estádio de desenvolvimento, Zea mays.
SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES AND INSECTICIDES TANK MIXTURES APPLIED IN MAIZE HYBRIDS
ABSTRACT - The association of herbicides and insecticides despite often cause damage to the corn crop is a common practice among farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the initial selectivity of herbicides in tank mixture with insecticides from different chemical groups in maize. Two experiments were carried out in plastic greenhouse, using as experimental units pots with two maize hybrids (30F35 and 2B-710) in V3 and V6 phenological stages. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five replications. Thirty-one treatments were represented by applying six herbicides (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone and 2.4- D) isolated and in combination with the four insecticides (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl and novarulon) and a check without application. The phytointoxication was evaluated at 7 and 14 days after application (DAA), the chlorophyll content in leaves, total number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part and roots at 14 DAA. The results were dependent of hybrid and corn stage in the application, and mixtures were less harmful when applied in V3 stage. The treatments with atrazine affected less the initial growth of the two hybrids. The mixtures of nicosulfuron+chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione+chlorpyrifos ethyl and 2.4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl were the most prejudicial to the hybrid 30F35. In addition, the carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl mixture was the most harmful to the initial growth of the hybrid 2B-710.
Keywords: phytointoxication, antagonism, development stage, Zea mays.
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