XÊNIA NA PRODUTIVIDADE E NA ESTRUTURA DO ENDOSPERMA DE SEMENTES DE MILHO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n1p134-144Keywords:
Zea mays L, cruzamentosAbstract
RESUMO - Xênia é considerado o resultado do cruzamento pelo alopólen que se manifesta na geração da planta mãe. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência do efeito xênia na produtividade e na estrutura do endosperma de sementes de milho. O experimento foi conduzido em duas épocas de semeadura (25/11/2011 e 15/12/2011). No pri-meiro ensaio, foram produzidas as sementes a partir dos cruzamentos dos híbridos simples: DKB390pro X DKB177; DKB390pro X DKB175; DKB390pro X DKB175pro. O segundo ensaio foi conduzido a 100 m de distância do pri-meiro e foram produzidas as sementes a partir dos cruzamentos das linhagens: L30 X L91; L30 X L63. Sementes dos híbridos DKB177, DKB 175, DKB175pro e DKB390pro e das linhagens L63, L91 e L30 foram produzidas em campo isolado a 100 m de qualquer outro polinizador, constituindo os tratamentos testemunhas. Foram avaliados o peso de 100 sementes, a profundidade de sementes, a produtividade e a estrutura do endosperma de sementes de milho. Para o cruzamento DKB390pro X DKB175, foram observados os maiores acréscimos nos valores de peso de 100 sementes e produtividade final nas duas épocas de semeadura. O efeito xênia sobre a estrutura do endosperma de sementes de milho varia com o polinizador utilizado em cruzamentos.
Palavras-chave: Zea mays L, cruzamentos, alopólen.
XENIA ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AND IN THE ENDOSPERM STRUCTURE OF MAIZE KERNELS
ABSTRACT - Xenia effect is the result of crossing by allopollen which is manifested in the mother plant generation. This work aimed at verifying the Xenia effect in maize seed productivity and in the endosperm structure of maize seeds. Four single hybrids and three inbred lines with good agronomic characteristics were used. The experiment was conducted in two sowing dates (11/25/2011 and 12/15/2011). In the first trial, seeds were produced from the crossing between simple hybrids: DKB390pro X DKB177; DKB390pro X DKB175; DKB390pro X DKB175pro. The second trial was installed at 100 m from the first with the crossings between lines L30 X L91, L30 X L63. Seeds of the hybrids DKB177, DKB 175, DKB175 pro, DKB390pro and the inbred lines L63, L91 and L30 were produced in an isolated field at 100 m from any other pollinator, constituting the control treatments. Weight of 100 seeds, seed depth, productivity and endosperm structure of maize seeds were evaluated. The Xenia expression was observed in the DKB175pro maize seeds when pollinated by DKB390pro, increasing in 23.58% the weight of 100 seeds. For the DKB390pro X DKB175 crossing, with the DKB390pro as pollinator, the largest increments in the weight of 100 seeds value and in the final yield were observed on both sowing periods. The xenia effect on the endosperm structure of maize seeds varies with the pollinator used in the crossings.
Key words: Zea mays L., crosses, allopollen.
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