COBERTURAS VEGETAIS NA SUPRESSÃO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO ORGÂNICO DE MILHO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n1p65-72Keywords:
Zea mays, plantas de cobertura.Abstract
RESUMO - O manejo de plantas daninhas é o maior entrave na implantação do sistema de plantio direto orgânico de milho. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o efeito de coberturas vegetais sobre as plantas daninhas e a produtividade de milho em sistema de plantio direto orgânico de milho. O experimento foi instalado no esquema fatorial (5 x 2) no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram cinco coberturas: coque-tel recomendado; coquetel UFV; aveia preta; girassol; e testemunha e dois sistemas de cultivo: milho solteiro; e milho consorciado com feijão-de-porco. Anteriormente ao cultivo do milho, foi avaliada a massa seca das coberturas vege-tais. A amostragem das plantas daninhas foi realizada aos 10, aos 24 e aos 79 DAE e foram avaliados os componentes agronômicos do milho. As coberturas vegetais proporcionaram redução na massa seca das plantas daninhas em todas as épocas avaliadas, sendo a aveia preta a cobertura mais eficiente na redução dessa massa seca. O sistema de cultivo consorciado proporcionou maior produtividade de milho. A aveia preta e o coquetel UFV proporcionaram maiores diâmetros de colmo e maior produtividade. As coberturas de aveia preta e coquetel UFV são alternativas para suprimir plantas daninhas e favorecer a produtividade do milho no plantio direto orgânico.
Palavras-chave: Zea mays; produção orgânica; consórcio; plantas de cobertura.
COVER CROPS ON SUPPRESSION OF WEEDS IN ORGANIC NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM IN MAIZE
ABSTRACT - Management of weeds is the major obstacle in the implementation of organic no-tillage system in maize. The aim of this work was to study the effects of cover crops on weeds and corn yield in the no-tillage organic system. The experimental design was a randomized block factorial scheme (5x2) with 4 replications. The treatments were composed of five types of cove crops: recommended bulk-seeded, UFV bulk, oat, sunflower and control, and two cropping systems (single and maize intercropped with pig-bean). Previously to the maize cultivation, the dry mass of the cover crops were evaluated. Samplings of weeds were performed at 10, 24 and 79 DAE and the agronomic components of the corn were evaluated. The cover crops provided reduction in dry weight of weeds in all periods; the oat was the most effective in reducing dry weight of weeds in the evaluated periods. The intercropping system showed better performance for grain weight and corn yield The oat and UFV bulk afforded higher stalk diameters and productivity of maize. Thus, the oat and the UFV bulk as cover crops are alternatives in suppressing weeds and favor corn yield in organic no-tillage system.
Key words: Zea mays; organic production; intercrop; cover crop.
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